The radiograph below is from a 12 years old German shepherd. There are multiple small interstitial miliary nodules (some are marked with arrows) which are incidental benign pulmonary osteomas.
This is a common incidental benign finding in older dog's chest x rays.
Differentials for  small circumscribed densities in the lungs include end on blood vessels and neoplasia.  End on vessels get smaller towards the lung periphery and always lie along blood vessels. The peripheral nodules visible on this radiograph are too large to be an end on vessel and too small to be a neoplasia since neoplasia  should only be detectable by radiographs if the mass is greater than 5mm.   Pulmonary osteomas are idiopathic mineralizations which have no physiological significance. It is however important to differentiate them from neoplasia.
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